Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Tongue Research Articles

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) for Early-Stage Head and Neck Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue: Twenty Years of Experience at I.N.T. "G.Pascale".

Oral tongue squamous-cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the head and neck region. Lymphatic spread, particularly to cervical lymph nodes, significantly impacts 5-year survival rates, emphasizing the criticality of precise staging. Metastatic cervical lymph nodes can decrease survival rates by 50%. Yet, elective neck dissection (END) in T1-2 cN0 patients proves to be an overtreatment in around 80% of cases. To address this, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was introduced, aiming to minimize postoperative morbidity. This study, conducted at the ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery department of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Naples, explores SLNB's efficacy in early-stage oral tongue squamous-cell carcinoma (OTSCC). From January 2020 to January 2022, 122 T1/T2 cN0 HNSCC patients were enrolled. Radioactive tracers and lymphoscintigraphy identified sentinel lymph nodes, aided by a gamma probe during surgery. Results revealed 24.6% SLN biopsy positivity, with 169 SLNs resected and a 21.9% positivity ratio. The study suggests SLNB's reliability for T1-2 cN0 OTSCC patient staging and early micrometastasis detection.

Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) enhances susceptibility of oral squamous carcinoma cells to cisplatin

PurposeOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. It is generally aggressive and closely associated with chemoresistance and poor survival. There is accumulating evidence for the involvement of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), including IAP1 and XIAP, in mediating chemotherapy resistance in OSCC. Various strategies for targeting IAPs have been designed and tested in recent years and several small molecule IAP inhibitors are in clinical trials as monotherapies as well as in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and biological activity of three IAP inhibitors both as stand-alone and sensitising agents to cisplatin in a preclinical model of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. MethodsCisplatin-sensitive SCC4 and -resistant SCC4cisR cells were utilised in this study. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V/Propidium Iodide-stained cells. Expression of IAP proteins was determined by western blotting and knockdown of cIAP1, livin and XIAP was conducted by transfection of cells with siRNA. ResultsWe establish for the first time the therapeutic efficacy of the Smac mimetic, BV6 and the XIAP inhibitor Embelin, for OSCC. Both of these IAP targeting agents synergistically enhanced cisplatin-mediated apoptotic cell death in resistant cells which was mediated in part by depletion of XIAP. In addition, knockdown of XIAP using siRNA enhanced cisplatin-mediated cell death, demonstrating the importance of targeting XIAP in this sensitisation. ConclusionThese findings provide pre-clinical evidence that IAP inhibition may be a valuable therapeutic option in OSCC.

Influence of Social Vulnerability in Treatment and Prognosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue.

To investigate the association of social determinants of health (SDoH) in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in the United States and to evaluate the real-world contribution of specific disparities. Retrospective cohort study. United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and National Cancer Institute-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Programdatabase were used to study 62,103 adult tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients from 1975 to 2017. Regression analysis assessed trends in months of follow-up and survival across social vulnerability and 4 subcategories of social vulnerability. As overall SVI score increases (increased social vulnerability), there is a significant decrease in the average length of follow-up (22.95% decrease from 63.99 to 49.31 months; P < .001) across patients from the lowest and highest social vulnerability groups. As overall SVI score increases, there is a significant decrease in the average months of survival (28.00% decrease from 49.20 to 35.43 months; P < .001). There is also a significantly greater odds ratio (OR = 1.05; P < .001) of advanced cancer staging upon presentation at higher SVI scores. Patients with higher SVI scores have a lower OR (0.93; P < .001) of receiving surgery as their primary treatment when compared to patients with lower SVI scores. Patients with higher SVI scores also have a significantly greater OR (OR = 1.05; P < .001) of receiving chemotherapy as their primary treatment when compared to patients with lower SVI scores. Increased social vulnerability is shown to have a detrimental impact on the treatment and prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and malignancy: a nationwide multicentre series review

BackgroundIncreased malignancy frequency is well documented in adult-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but with limited reports in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) series. We explored the frequency of malignancy associated with cSLE, describing clinical and demographic characteristics, disease activity and cumulative damage, by the time of malignancy diagnosis.MethodA retrospective case-notes review, in a nationwide cohort from 27 Pediatric Rheumatology centres, with descriptive biopsy-proven malignancy, disease activity/damage accrual, and immunosuppressive treatment were compiled in each participating centre, using a standard protocol.ResultsOf the 1757 cSLE cases in the updated cohort, 12 (0.7%) developed malignancy with median time 10 years after cSLE diagnosis. There were 91% females, median age at cSLE diagnosis 12 years, median age at malignancy diagnosis 23 years. Of all diagnosed malignancies, 11 were single-site, and a single case with concomitant multiple sites; four had haematological (0.22%) and 8 solid malignancy (0.45%). Median (min–max) SLEDAI-2 K scores were 9 (0–38), median (min–max) SLICC/ACR-DI (SDI) score were 1 (1–5) Histopathology defined 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; 4 gastrointestinal carcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and 1 anal carcinoma; 1 had sigmoid adenocarcinoma and 1 stomach carcinoid; 3 had genital malignancy, being 1 vulvae, 1 cervix and 1 vulvae and cervix carcinomas; 1 had central nervous system oligodendroglioma; and 1 testicle germ cell teratoma.ConclusionEstimated malignancy frequency of 0.7% was reported during cSLE follow up in a multicentric series. Median disease activity and cumulative damage scores, by the time of malignancy diagnoses, were high; considering that reported in adult series.

Magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics and deep learning models for predicting lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish a combined method of radiomics and deep learning (DL) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) preoperatively in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Study DesignIn total, MR images of 196 patients with lingual squamous cell carcinoma were divided into training (n=156) and test (n=40) cohorts. Radiomics and DL features were extracted from MR images and selected to construct machine learning models. A DL radiomics nomogram was established via multivariate logistic regression by incorporating the radiomics signature, the DL signature, and MRI-reported LN status. ResultsNine radiomics and 3 DL features were selected. In the radiomics test cohort, the multilayer perceptron model performed best with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.747, but in the DL cohort, the best model (logistic regression) performed less well (AUC = 0.655). The DL radiomics nomogram showed good calibration and performance with an AUC of 0.934 (outstanding discrimination ability) in the training cohort and 0.757 (acceptable discrimination ability) in the test cohort. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram could offer more net benefit than a single radiomics or DL signature. ConclusionThe DL radiomics nomogram exhibited promising performance in predicting LNM, which facilitates personalized treatment of tongue cancer.

Perineural invasion in incisional biopsy is an indication for in-continuity resection in oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth.

The histologic finding of perineural invasion is a poor prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The aim of this study is to detect factors that influence prognosis in patients operated for oral cancer with perineural invasion in their histopathology report and to propose safer options of treatment with respect to recurrence and survival rates. We performed a prospective cohort study of all oral squamous cell carcinoma cases operated in our department from January 2018 to January 2022. Overall, 75 cases of patients operated for oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. Of these cases, 14 with perineural invasion were found. We created two groups: one group of patients treated with in-continuity resection and a second group of patients treated with a discontinuous resection between the primary site and the neck. Type of operation was considered the predictor variable and recurrence, survival or death, the outcome variables. Oral cancer patients with known perineural invasion treated with in-continuity resection had a much better overall and disease-specific survival than patients treated with a discontinuous manner (p < .001). The difference in recurrence rate between these two groups of patients was found to be very significant in our study (p < .0005). It is therefore our suggestion that in oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth with perineural invasion detected in the incisional biopsy, an extended in-continuity resection to include the affected nerves should be performed.

Current Research Status of MicroRNAs in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue

Current Research Status of MicroRNAs in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue

Prevalence and social determinants associated with oral cancer in Al-Baha Region of Saudi Arabia: A seven-year retrospective cohort hospital-based study

ABSTRACT Background: The region of Al-Baha area of interest is associated with risk factors; yet no research in the literature has explored oral cancer (OC) and its associated social determinants and risk factors in this region. The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of OC in the Al-Baha region and its association with the social determinants and risk factors in this population. Methods: A retrospective cohort hospital-based study was conducted in Al-Baha Region between January 2012 and December 2019. Data collected from all the patients diagnosed with OC were extracted. OC was assessed based on the hospital records, histopathological data, and Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis (TNM) staging aided in cancer assessment. Detailed demographic data associated with OC was collected using semistructured telephonic interviews. Risk assessment was reviewed based on population, exposure of interest, and outcome. Results: A total of 19°C patients out of 421 cancer patients were diagnosed. The mean age for OC in males was 59.72 ± 15.83 years and 69.14 ± 5.86 years in females. Oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was the most with one case of metastasis. The average estimate per day smoking, E- cigarettes, water pipe smoking was 14.55 ± 7.15, 11.15 ± 3.55, and 0.52 ± 4.7, respectively, with males’ habits more than females. These contributes to the risk factors associated with socioeconomic factors. Conclusions: Al Baha region experiences different socioeconomic determinants with a lower prevalence of OC. The risk of OC is associated with various adverse oral habits, which can be prevented.

Identification of salivary metabolic biomarker signatures for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

ObjectiveTo identify the salivary metabolites associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue to develop easy and non-invasive potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis. DesignInitially, the study utilized untargeted metabolomics to analyze 20 samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and 10 control samples. The objective was to determine the salivary metabolites that exhibited differential expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Then the selected metabolites were validated using targeted metabolomics in saliva samples of 100 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, as well as 30 healthy control individuals. ResultsFrom the analysis of untargeted metabolomics, 10 metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers. In the subsequent targeted metabolomics study on these selected metabolites, it was observed that N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-Pipecolic acid, L-Carnitine, Phosphorylcholine, and Deoxyguanosine exhibited significant differences. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicates a combination of three important metabolites such as N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-Pipecolic acid and L-Carnitine provided the best prediction with an area under the curve of 0.901. ConclusionsThe present result reveals that the N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-Pipecolic acid and L-Carnitine are the signature diagnostic biomarkers for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. These findings can be used to develop a rapid and non-invasive method for disease monitoring and prognosis in oral tongue cancer.

A prediction of late cervical lymph node metastasis by ultrasound images of tongue cancer using deep learning method

ObjectiveOccult cervical lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and is related to factors such as depth of invasion and angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of deep learning for predicting occult cervical metastasis from brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound images of early-stage tongue cancer. Methods50 patients with early-stage tongue cancer who underwent ultrasound guided partial glossectomy at the Department of Oral Surgery at Saitama Cancer Center between 2015 and 2019 were divided into two groups: those with metastasis (n = 22) and those without metastasis (n = 28). B-mode ultrasound images of each patient's tongue cancer were cropped to a 128 × 128-pixel square, and images were assigned to training or testing data in an 8:2 ratio. The training iteration generation (number of epochs) was set to 120 using Neural Network Console software (Sony Corporation), and the resulting learning model was produced. Testing data were input into the learning model to evaluate its performance in predicting metastasis. ResultsPrediction of occult cervical lymph node metastasis by deep learning using B-mode ultrasound images had 79.8 % accuracy, 78.4 % sensitivity, 80.8 % specificity, 74.4 % positive predictive value, and 84.0 % negative predictive value. ConclusionThese findings suggest that deep learning using ultrasound images is useful for predicting postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis from tongue cancer.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue in the Setting of Electronic Cigarette Use

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue in the Setting of Electronic Cigarette Use

Profile of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer Seen at the Department of Ear Nose Throat – Head and Neck Surgery of the Bicol Medical Center

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Objective: To determine the profile of patients with oral cavity cancer seen at the Ear, Nose and Throat – Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS) Department of the Bicol Medical Center from January 2018 to December 2020.Methods:     Design: Retrospective review of records     Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital   Participants: Medical records of patients with oral cavity lesions with malignant biopsy results seen at the Bicol Medical Center Department of ENT-HNS from January 2018 to December 2020.Results: Records of 42 patients were included, 30 (71%) male; 12 (29%) female with the mean age of 62 ± 10.02 (range 34 to 80 years old). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathologic diagnosis (38/42; 91%), mostly affecting the anterior tongue (16/42; 38%) and buccal regions (14/42; 33%). Most tumors were in advanced stages: 25/42 (59%) in stage IVA; 7 (17%) in stage IVB. A total of 61% (17) of 28 oral cavity cancer patients with recorded risk factors practiced a combination of two or three high risk habits (betel nut chewing, tobacco smoking, alcoholic beverage intake) and a third practiced all three (10/28; 36%).Conclusion: The profile of oral cavity cancer patients in our study is different from the reported profiles in Asia and European and US counterparts. Our profile patient is a married male farmer in the 7th decade of life with poor dental hygiene and advanced stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and buccal region, and combined habits of regular alcoholic beverage drinking, chronic tobacco smoking, and/or betel nut chewing, who lives in coastal or mountainous communities where access to health care may be limited.

Efficacy of texture analysis of ultrasonographic images in the differentiation of metastatic and non-metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

We investigated the efficacy of using texture analysis of ultrasonographic images of the cervical lymph nodes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue to differentiate between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. We analyzed 32 metastatic and 28 non-metastatic lymph nodes diagnosed by histopathologic examination on presurgical US images. Using the LIFEx texture analysis program, we extracted 36 texture features from the images and calculated the statistical significance of differences in texture features between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes using the t test. To assess the diagnostic ability of the significantly different texture features to discriminate between metastatic and non-metastatic nodes, we performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and calculated the area under the curve. We set the cutoff points that maximized the sensitivity and specificity for each curve according to the Youden J statistic. We found that 20 texture features significantly differed between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. Among them, only the gray-level run length matrix feature of run length non-uniformity and the gray-level zone length matrix features of gray-level non-uniformity and zone length non-uniformity showed an excellent ability to discriminate between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes as indicated by the area under the curve and the sum of sensitivity and specificity. Analysis of the texture features of run length non-uniformity, gray-level non-uniformity, and zone length non-uniformity values allows for differentiation between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes, with the use of gray-level non-uniformity appearing to be the best means of predicting metastatic lymph nodes.

Functional MRI during tongue strength tasks before and after partial glossectomy: Insights into the cortical activation of tongue motor function.

Because the tongue is a midline structure, studies on the neural correlates of lateralized tongue function are challenging and remain limited. Patients with tongue cancer who undergo unilateral partial glossectomy may be a unique cohort to study tongue-associated cortical activation, particularly regarding brain hemispheric lateralization. This longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated cortical activation changes for three tongue tasks before and after left-sided partial glossectomy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma involving the left tongue who underwent fMRI before and 6months after unilateral partial glossectomy were studied. Post-surgical changes in laterality index (LI) values for tongue-associated precentral and postcentral gyri fMRI activation were calculated for the dry swallow, tongue press, and saliva sucking tasks. Group analysis fMRI activation maps were generated for each of the three tasks. There were significant differences in changes in LI values post-surgery between the tongue press (p < 0.005; median: +0.24), saliva sucking (-0.10), and dry swallow tasks (-0.16). Decreased contralateral activation (change in LI ≥+0.20) was observed post-surgery during tongue press in six of seven patients, but only in two patients during saliva sucking and one patient during dry swallow (p < 0.05). There was also increased activation in the supplementary motor area following surgery. Post-surgical fMRI changes following left-sided partial glossectomy may suggest task-specific sensitivities to cortical activation changes following unilateral tongue deficits that may reflect the impacts of surgery and adaptive responses to tongue impairment.

Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting Tumor Depth of Invasion in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Systematic Review.

The objective of the study was to detect the accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) in assessing tumor depth of invasion (DOI) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. The electronic search of PubMed (including MEDLINE), COCHRANE CENTRAL and Google Scholar search engine for articles published from January 1, 2000, to September 31, 2021, was conducted and also searched the lists of references of relevant articles and reviews for studies involving patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. A total of 5362 articles were retrieved in the initial search. After the initial search process, 13 full-text articles were reviewed. Out of these 13 articles, seven met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in this systematic review. The MRI-determined DOI based on T1-weighted sequences increases with increasing T stage. There is the highest correlation between the MRI-derived DOI and the histopathological DOI with increasing T stage. Therefore, MRI provides satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for measuring tumor DOI and, thus, may be considered a predictor of tumor stage.

Acute NMOSD Attack in the Setting of Pembrolizumab Therapy: A Case Report (P13-5.009)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To report a case of a 66-year-old woman with a history of aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive (AQP4-IgG+) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and concurrent metastatic oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who presented with acute left-sided hemiplegia in the setting of pembrolizumab therapy. <h3>Background:</h3> Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approved for the treatment of several malignancies. ICIs are known to cause a wide variety of immune-related adverse events. While there have been no studies on the safety of ICIs in NMOSD patients, there was a case reported of newly-diagnosed NMOSD following nivolumab treatment. This is a novel case of an NMOSD attack following pembrolizumab treatment in an AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD patient on long-term anti-CD19 B cell depleting therapy. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Case report <h3>Results:</h3> A 66-year-old woman with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD, diagnosed in 2015 and treated with inebilizumab, was diagnosed with metastatic SCC of the tongue in February 2022. She had received inebilizumab every six months from February 2016 to October 2021; infusion was cancelled in April 2022 due to cytotoxic chemotherapy (CD19+ 2 cells/ml; CD27+ 0 cells/ml). Despite resective surgery of the tongue and adjuvant concurrent chemotherapy and radiation, she was found to have widely metastatic SCC in early August 2022 (CD19+ 29 cells/ml; CD27+ 17 cells/ml; CD38+IgM-12 cells/ml). She was administered inebilizumab and then started on pembrolizumab twelve days later. Ten days after receiving her first pembrolizumab therapy, the patient developed acute onset left-sided weakness (CD19+ 4 cells/ml; CD27+ 0 cells/ml; CD38+IgM-0 cells/ml). She was found to have a large, active cervical spine lesion consistent with a new NMOSD attack; serum AQP4-IgG had increased from 1:10,000 to 1:100,000. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> An NMOSD attack occurred rapidly following pembrolizumab in a B-cell depleted patient, suggesting a role for T cell activation in relapse. ICIs should be used with caution in NMOSD patients. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Upchurch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Caunt has nothing to disclose. Dr. McDermott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Horizon Therapeutics. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for TG Therapeutics. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Reistone Bio. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Roche. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Antigenomycs. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Chugai. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Mitsubishi Tanabe. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for EMD Serono. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for MedEdicus. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for ImCyse. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Clene Nanomedicine. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Alexion. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Podoll. Dr. Bennett has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Patterson. The institution of Dr. Bennett has received research support from Novartis. The institution of Dr. Bennett has received research support from Alexion. Dr. Bennett has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Bennett has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. The institution of Dr. Piquet has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Genentech. The institution of Dr. Piquet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Alexion. Dr. Piquet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech. Dr. Piquet has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Piquet has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Sands Anderson PC. The institution of Dr. Piquet has received research support from Rocky Mountain MS Center. The institution of Dr. Piquet has received research support from Novartis. The institution of Dr. Piquet has received research support from Abbvie. The institution of Dr. Piquet has received research support from Roche/Genentech. The institution of Dr. Piquet has received research support from NYU. Dr. Piquet has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Piquet has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Piquet has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Litigative Consultant with US-Dept HHS/DICP.

Non‐habit‐associated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in a treated breast cancer patient

AbstractThe development of second cancer following a primary cancer is an enigma for oncologists. A very few cases have been reported in the literature, wherein, a second malignancy developed following the treatment protocols of the first cancer. We report a case of a breast cancer patient who later developed oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and discuss the possible etiologies of such unfavorable consequences.

Genes transcriptional activity features in different histological subtypes of tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction. Over the past decade, tongue cancer has maintained a leading position in the overall structure of the incidence of head and neck malignant tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is an aggressive form and has a clinically unpredictable prognosis. Currently, there are several histological subtypes of this disease. And the search for new prognostic factors that could reflect the actual state of tumor progression and give an objective prognosis of disease development is an important research area in molecular oncology. Such factors may be certain transcriptomic characteristics of tumors, which determine the features of pathogenesis in each specific case.Aim. To research genes transcriptional activity features in various histological subtypes of tongue squamous cell carcinoma using bioinformatic and molecular approaches.Materials and methods. The stage of screening bioinformatics analysis was performed using an interactive web server for analyzing data on messenger RNA expression of 9736 tumors and 8587 normal samples from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) projects using a standard processing pipeline (GEPIA). The main (validation) stage of the study was performed on 300 patients with locally advanced malignant tumors of the tongue. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the values of the relative expression of genes identified at the stage of bioinformatic analysis.Results. Bioinformatic analysis identified 1488 genes that increase expression and 589 genes that decrease expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Of these 2077 genes, 23 genetic loci were selected that most strongly alter expression in tumor tissue relative to normal tissue of the tongue. Of these, when validated by polymerase chain reaction, only 14 changed their transcriptional profile in tumor tissue relative to normal: MMP1, MMP11, CA9, PTHLH, MMP9, LAMC2, MMP3, ANXA1, MT-ND6, CRNN, MAL, TGM3, IL1RN and CLU. The analysis of polymerase chain reaction data revealed significant heterogeneity in a number of biological samples studied. Cluster analysis made it possible to divide the total sample of 300 patients into 3 groups differing in gene expression: cluster 1 (n = 90), cluster 2 (n = 101) and cluster 3 (n = 109), corresponding to the basaloid, acantholytic and usual histological subtypes. Thus, the study made it possible to identify a number of molecular markers of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (MMP1, MMP11, CA9, PTHLH, MMP9, LAMC2, MMP3, ANXA1, MT-ND6, CRNN, MAL, TGM3, IL1RN and CLU), as well as to reveal the transcriptional features of various histological subtypes of this disease.

Assessment of depth of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a study protocol

Background:Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of oral cavity. It remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Overall OSCC represents more than 550,000 cases throughout the world yearly and the 6thleading cause of death. The mortality and rate of OSCC are higher in developing nations. About 25% patients with OSCC of tongue exist with occult metastasis at initial presentation. The utilization of TNM staging of OSCC to assess the clinical response to treatment and survival result is for many years. Prognosis of malignancy also depends on the histopathological grading of the OSCC. Histopathological assessment by measuring Depth of Invasion (DOI) enables us the insight about the extent of invasion by neoplastic cells. This observation will further be helpful for treatment management protocol particularly in OSCC of tongue. Hence, we aimed to assess the significance of DOI in the prognosis and clinicopathological features and survival of OSCC lesions in the current study.Methods:The surgically operated cases of OSCC of tongue from year 2009 to 2015 will be retrieved from the archival. Measurement of DOI will be carried out using Research microscope. The staging of the patients will be done according to the American Joint Committee of Cancer staging system. The present study will find DOI in tongue OSCC and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of OSCC of tongue and three years disease-specific survival.Conclusion:Measurement of the DOI ought to be included as a part of routine histological assessment. This likewise should be utilized for grading the tumor, which can further help in treatment management protocol.

Prognostic impact of lymphovascular and perineural invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of lymphovascular and perineural invasions in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who received surgery-based treatment at our institution between January 2013 and December 2020. Patients were divided into four groups based on the presence of perineural (P−/P +) and lymphovascular invasions (V−/V +): P–V−, P–V + , P + V−, and P + V + . Log-rank and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between perineural /lymphovascular invasion and overall survival (OS). Altogether, 127 patients were included, and 95 (74.8%), 8 (6.3%), 18 (14.2%), and 6 (4.7%) cases were classified as P–V−, P–V + , P + V−, and P + V + , respectively. Pathologic N stage (pN stage), tumor stage, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and postoperative radiotherapy were significantly associated with OS (p < 0.05). OS was significantly different among the four groups (p < 0.05). Significant between-group differences in OS were detected for node-positive (p < 0.05) and stage III–IV (p < 0.05) cases. OS was the worst in the P + V + group. Lymphovascular and perineural invasions are independent negative prognostic factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Patients with lymphovascular and/or perineural invasion may have significantly poorer overall survival than those without neurovascular involvement.